Peptic ulcers are sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, esophagus or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). These ulcers can cause pain and discomfort and can lead to serious complications if left untreated. As a gastroenterologist, it is important to understand what peptic ulcers are, what causes them, and how they can be treated.

Causes of Peptic Ulcers:

The most common cause of peptic ulcers is a bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium is believed to be responsible for up to 80% of all peptic ulcers. Other factors that can contribute to the development of peptic ulcers include the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin or ibuprofen, and excessive alcohol consumption.

Symptoms of Peptic Ulcers:

The most common symptom of a peptic ulcer is a burning pain in the stomach, which is often described as a dull or gnawing ache. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, bloating, loss of appetite, and weight loss. In some cases, peptic ulcers may cause more serious complications, such as bleeding, perforation (a hole in the stomach lining), or obstruction (a blockage in the digestive tract).

Diagnosis of Peptic Ulcers:

To diagnose a peptic ulcer, a gastroenterologist may perform an endoscopy (see previous article for more information). During the endoscopy, the gastroenterologist can view the lining of the stomach and duodenum and take a biopsy (a small sample of tissue) for analysis. Blood tests or stool tests may also be used to detect the presence of H. pylori.

Treatment of Peptic Ulcers:

The treatment of peptic ulcers depends on the underlying cause. If H. pylori is present, a combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing medications (such as proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers) is usually prescribed. In cases where NSAIDs are the cause of the ulcers, alternative pain management options may be recommended. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption, may also be advised.

In some cases, peptic ulcers may not respond to medication and may require surgery. Surgical options may include the removal of the ulcer or a procedure to reduce the production of stomach acid.

Conclusion:

Peptic ulcers can cause significant discomfort and may lead to serious complications if left untreated. As a gastroenterologist, it is important to understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for peptic ulcers. By working with your patients to identify the underlying cause of their ulcers and developing a personalized treatment plan, you can help them manage their symptoms and prevent further complications